Chandrayaan-1

Chandrayaan-1 (translation: lunar ship, pronunciation (help/information)) was the first Indian lunar rover as part of the Chandrayaan program. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in October 2008 and operated until August 2009. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. India launched a spacecraft on a PSLV-XL rocket on October 22, 2008, at 00:52 UTC from Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The mission is a major boost to India's space program as the country researches and develops its own technology to explore the moon. This rocket launched her into lunar orbit on November 8, 2008.

At 14:36 ​​UTC on November 14, 2008, the lunar impact probe separated from the Chandrayaan orbiter and crashed into the South Pole in a controlled manner. The mission made ISRO the fifth national space agency to reach the moon. Countries whose national space agencies have done this before include the former Soviet Union in 1959, the United States in 1962, Japan in 1993, and its ESA member states in 2006. The spacecraft arrived near Shackleton Crater at 15:01 UTC. The crash site was named Jawahar Point.

The estimated cost of the project was Rs 386 million (US$48 million).

The goal was to study the lunar surface over two years and create a complete map of surface chemistry and three-dimensional topography. Of particular interest are the polar regions where water ice may be present. Among his many achievements is the discovery of water molecules ubiquitous in lunar soil.

Nearly a year after him, the Orbiter ran into several technical problems, including star tracker failures and inadequate heat shields. Chandrayaan-1 lost communication around 20:00 UTC on 28 August 2009, shortly after ISRO officially announced the mission was over. Chandrayaan 1 operated for 312 days instead of his planned two years. However, the mission accomplished most of its scientific goals, including detecting the presence of water on the Moon.

On July 2, 2016, NASA launched Chandrayaan-1 into lunar orbit using ground-based radar systems. This Chandrayaan-1 had been closed for almost seven years[28][29]. Repeated observations over the next three months allowed him to accurately determine a trajectory varying between 150 and 270 km (93 to 168 miles) every two years.